1. Ciliated cells in respiratory tract
Features: tiny hairs called cilia which can move mucus.
Function: waft mucus with bacteria and dust away from the lungs.
2. Muscle cells
Function: cause movement
3. Red blood cells
Function: transport oxygen around the body
4. Root hair cell (plants)
Function: absorb water and mineral ions; anchor the plant firmly in the soil
5. Xylem cells
Features: long, thin cells arranged end-to-end to form vessels (tubes). The cells lack end wall and cell contents such as cytolplasm and nucleus. The walls become lignified (woody).
Function: conduction (transport water and mineral ions from roots to leaves)
support (Lignin provides strength for the stem).
Common misconceptions
Xylem and phloem tissue are often confused. Xylem carries water and mineral salts, while Phloem transports sugars and amino acids.
In a vascular bundle in a stem, Phloem is on the outside and Xylem is on the inside.
support (Lignin provides strength for the stem).
Common misconceptions
Xylem and phloem tissue are often confused. Xylem carries water and mineral salts, while Phloem transports sugars and amino acids.
In a vascular bundle in a stem, Phloem is on the outside and Xylem is on the inside.
Examiner's tips
- You need to be able to give examples of tissues, organs and organ systems in both plants and animals. A leaf is an organ made up of a number of tissues, e.g. upper epidermis, palisade, mesophyll.
- If you draw a diagram to support an exam answer, make sure you refer to its in your written answer. Annotation is more likely to help you gain extra mark.
Example of annotation
Action of phagocyte
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